Learning about the role, what it entails and the required education and training steps can help individuals make an informed decision about whether this path is right for them. 

What Is Computer Science? 

Computer science refers to the study of computers, computing systems and the principles that govern their design and use. It encompasses the discipline’s theoretical foundations such as algorithms, data structures and computational complexity and its practical applications like software engineering, networking and artificial intelligence development. 

At its core, computer science seeks to answer questions about what can be computed, how efficiently problems can be solved and how technology can be applied to real-world challenges. The discipline draws heavily from mathematics, engineering and logic, making it highly interdisciplinary. 

The intent of computer science is not only to build faster and more reliable machines but also to create solutions that improve everyday life, which include everything from medical imaging systems to secure online banking platforms, mobile applications and cloud computing systems.  

Many career opportunities are available for computer science professionals in both the public and private sectors. Computer scientists can also choose to specialize, focusing on cybersecurity, programming languages, robotics, human-computer interaction or another subdiscipline.

What Does a Computer Scientist Do? 

Computer scientists use their advanced knowledge of computing to research, design and innovate. They work in universities, government agencies, private corporations and research labs. Depending on their specialization or job demands, their work can be highly theoretical or focused on practical applications. 

What does a computer scientist do? Typical duties and responsibilities of computer scientists include:  

• Designing and testing new algorithms to solve computational problems 

• Developing programming languages and optimizing existing ones 

• Conducting experiments to evaluate new computing models 

• Creating software systems to enhance efficiency and security 

• Collaborating with engineers and developers to create new technologies 

• Presenting research findings in academic journals and conferences 

• Building databases and analyzing large datasets for insights 

• Exploring artificial intelligence, machine learning and robotics applications 

Computer scientists’ work is both broad and impactful. They push the boundaries of what technology can achieve while ensuring that systems remain reliable and secure.  

Types of Computer Scientists 

The term computer scientist refers to many roles rather than one, and includes a wide range of specialized positions. Each focuses on a different aspect of computing, such as designing software, managing data or securing IT networks.  

Understanding the defining characteristics of these roles can help clarify the many career paths available to those entering the field.  

Software Developer 

Software developers design and build applications that run on computers, mobile devices and other platforms. They analyze users’ needs, write code and test programs to ensure their functionality. Developers may specialize in front-end, back-end or full-stack development, depending on their expertise. Their work directly impacts how people interact with technology when they use everything from productivity tools to customer relationship management platforms and entertainment apps.  

Web Developer 

Web developers create and maintain websites. They combine their programming skills and their design knowledge to build user-friendly interfaces and ensure that sites run smoothly. Their responsibilities often include coding in languages such as HTML, CSS and JavaScript; optimizing performance; and safeguarding against security vulnerabilities. Web developers play a critical role in shaping the online presence of businesses and organizations.  

Data Scientist 

Data scientists help organizations make sense of large volumes of information. They collect, organize and analyze data to identify patterns and provide actionable insights. Using statistical methods, machine learning and visualization tools, data scientists support executives’ decision-making in industries such as healthcare, finance and marketing. Their work is essential in turning raw data into strategies that drive growth and innovation.  

Information Security Analyst 

Information security (infosec) analysts protect computer systems and networks from cyberthreats. They monitor activity, investigate breaches and implement safeguards to prevent unauthorized access. Information security analysts also monitor emerging risks and recommend improvements to security protocols. In an era of increasing cybercrime, these professionals are needed by organizations to maintain the public’s trust and protect sensitive information.  

Computer Systems Analyst 

Computer systems analysts evaluate how technology can improve organizational efficiency. They study existing systems, identify their weaknesses and propose solutions that align with business goals. Analysts often bridge the gap between technical teams and management, ensuring that IT investments deliver measurable value. Their work requires both technical knowledge and strong communication skills.  

UX Designer 

User experience (UX) designers focus on how people interact with software and digital products. They conduct research to understand users’ needs, design intuitive interfaces and test products to refine their usability. By prioritizing accessibility and ease of use, UX designers ensure that technology is not only functional but also enjoyable to use.  

Mobile App Developer 

Mobile app developers specialize in creating applications for smartphones and tablets. They design, code and test apps that run on platforms such as iOS and Android. Developers must understand mobile-specific programming languages and frameworks, as well as users’ performance and design expectations. Their work has fueled the rapid growth of mobile technology in everyday life.  

Computer Hardware Engineer 

Computer hardware engineers design and test physical components such as processors, memory devices and circuit boards. They collaborate with software developers to ensure compatibility and performance. Hardware engineers are responsible for advancing the capabilities of computing devices that range from laptops to servers, and play a central role in the evolution of technology infrastructure.  

Cloud Engineer 

Cloud engineers manage and optimize cloud computing systems. They migrate data and applications to cloud platforms, configure infrastructure and troubleshoot issues. Their expertise allows businesses to operate more efficiently, scale their resources and maintain secure environments. As cloud adoption grows, demand for skilled cloud engineers continues to rise.  

Artificial Intelligence Engineer 

Artificial intelligence (AI) engineers develop systems that mimic human thought. They design algorithms, build models and test applications in areas such as natural language processing, robotics and predictive analytics. AI engineers combine their programming skills with their knowledge of mathematics and statistics to create technologies that learn and adapt, helping to shape the future of automation and decision-making.  

Video Game Developer 

Video game developers design and code interactive entertainment experiences. They collaborate with artists, writers and designers to create engaging storylines, characters and gameplay mechanics. Video game developers must balance creativity with technical expertise, ensuring that games are both visually appealing and functional across platforms. This role embodies the intersection of art and computer science.  

How to Become a Computer Scientist 

Becoming a computer scientist involves education, practical experience and continuous skill development. Although there are many paths to a career in computer science, these steps can help applicants qualify for a growing number of roles.  

Earn a Bachelor’s Degree 

Most computer scientists start by earning a bachelor’s degree in computer science or a related subject such as mathematics, physics, applied technology or software engineering. Undergraduate programs typically cover programming, algorithms, operating systems and data structures. This foundation prepares individuals for entry-level roles and graduate study.  

Develop Coding and Technical Skills 

Proficiency in programming languages such as Python, Java, C++ and SQL is essential in computer science. Individuals should also gain experience with software development tools, databases and operating systems. Internships and college projects help students translate their classroom learning into real-world applications.  

Pursue Graduate Education 

Employers often prefer candidates who have a master’s degree for advanced computer scientist roles, and research positions typically require a PhD. Graduate programs allow individuals to specialize in an area like artificial intelligence or cybersecurity. Doctoral study often involves publishing research and teaching.  

Gain Work Experience 

Entry-level positions such as software developer, systems analyst and research assistant provide individuals with valuable experience. Over time, professionals can transition into roles that emphasize innovation and leadership. Practical experience is needed to understand how theories apply to real-world systems.  

Develop Key Skills 

Beyond technical expertise, computer scientists need analytical reasoning, problem-solving and communication skills. They must be able to explain complex concepts clearly, collaborate across disciplines and think creatively when designing new solutions. Soft skills are also important, such as the ability to present highly technical information in a way that’s easy for those without an IT background to understand.  

Obtain a Certification 

While not always required, a certification can demonstrate an applicants’ expertise and help them stand out to employers. Examples include the certified information systems security professional (CISSP) credential for cybersecurity professionals or a specialized credential in data science or cloud computing. Obtaining a credential shows a commitment to professional development and mastery of specific skills.  

Continue Lifelong Learning 

Technology is constantly evolving, so computer scientists must monitor emerging trends in their area of expertise, such as quantum computing, blockchain or advanced machine learning. Attending conferences, publishing research and being active in professional networks are ways to remain at the forefront of the field.  

Computer Scientist Salary and Job Outlook 

Computer scientists are currently in demand, and that is expected to continue. Positions for computer and information research scientists are projected to increase by 20 percent between 2024 and 2034, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)—far higher growth than the 3 percent growth projected for the labor market as a whole. 

Computer scientists are also well compensated. According to the BLS, computer and information research scientists had a median annual salary of $140,910 in 2024, with the top 10 percent of earners making more than $232,000. 

Individual salaries of computer scientists vary based on their education, experience, region, industry and other factors. For example, the BLS reports that computer and information research scientists in academia had a median annual salary of $85,290 in 2024, while for those in software publishing it was $237,990.  

Benefits of Exploring Applied Computer Science Degree Programs 

Enrolling in an applied computer science degree program can provide aspiring computer scientists with far-reaching advantages that extend beyond the classroom. These programs equip students with both theoretical knowledge and practical skills, preparing them for diverse opportunities in technology-driven industries.  

Skills and Knowledge Development 

An applied computer science program provides a strong foundation in programming, algorithms, data structures and systems design. Students also gain exposure to specialized areas such as artificial intelligence, cybersecurity and cloud computing. The emphasis on applied learning in these programs means that coursework prioritizes hands-on projects, case studies and simulations, allowing students to practice solving real-world problems.  

This combination of theory and application ensures that graduates are not only knowledgeable but also capable of adapting to emerging technologies.  

Preparation for Postgraduate Careers 

Advanced degree programs prepare students for roles that demand high levels of expertise and leadership, such as software architect, data scientist, machine learning engineer and information security analyst. Many programs also emphasize research, enabling students to contribute to academic publications or pursue doctoral study. By bridging classroom learning and industry expectations, these degree programs serve as a direct pathway to competitive positions in the private and public sectors.  

Marketability 

Employers increasingly prefer candidates with advanced education in computer science. A graduate degree signals mastery of complex concepts and the ability to take on leadership responsibilities. It also demonstrates a commitment to professional growth, which can set applicants apart in a crowded job market.  

In areas such as artificial intelligence, data analytics and cybersecurity, holding an advanced degree is often a prerequisite for senior roles. As a result, master’s degree graduates typically have an advantage in the job market, and a higher earning potential compared to their peers with only undergraduate credentials.  

Networking Opportunities 

Applied computer science programs connect students with faculty, alumni and industry professionals. These networks can lead to internships, collaborative projects and job placements. Many programs host career fairs, guest lectures and research symposia, giving students direct access to leaders in the field.  

Building these relationships not only helps individuals with immediate career opportunities but also provides them with opportunities for long-term professional support as they advance in their careers.  

Degree Versatility 

One of the greatest strengths of a computer science master’s degree program is its versatility. Graduates pursue careers in industries as varied as healthcare, finance, education, entertainment and government. Data scientists work in healthcare to improve patients’ outcomes, while cybersecurity experts protect financial institutions from fraud.  

The adaptability of computer science skills ensures that graduates are not limited to a single sector, making the degree a powerful tool for career mobility and resilience in a changing economy.  

Take the First Step Toward a Computer Science Career 

Although the path to becoming a computer scientist can be challenging, it can offer a significant return on investment. Computer science is known for both long-term job security and competitive compensation. Further, computer scientists are needed in virtually every industry in the public and private sectors, allowing information technology professionals to find a role that aligns with their interests. 

After determining how to become a computer scientist, the next step is to develop the right knowledge and skills. SEMO Online’s Master of Science in Applied Computer Science program is flexible, comprehensive and aligned with the ambitions of career-oriented learners. Designed for both experienced professionals and those new to the field, the program emphasizes hands-on learning, research and career

Led by experienced faculty who are invested in students’ success, the 30-credit hour program features a core curriculum covering cybersecurity, advanced AI, research methods and advanced programming languages. The program also allows students to personalize their education, with elective coursework in data mining, mobile computing, advanced robotics and several other subdisciplines. 

As a graduate of the program, you’ll have a foundation and skill set you can use in a personally and professionally rewarding field. Find out how SEMO Online can support your goals for a career at the forefront of computer science.  

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